Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Idaho Strategic Resources is executing a production-backed exploration strategy, leveraging profitable gold operations at the Golden Chest Mine and New Jersey Mill to fund ambitious exploration for both gold extensions and strategically important Rare Earth Elements (REEs).
• The company achieved record financial performance in 2024 and continued this momentum into Q1 2025, reporting record quarterly revenue of $7.28 million, driven by favorable gold prices and consistent operational output, despite increased investment in exploration impacting near-term profitability metrics.
• Operational efficiency at the New Jersey Mill, including a new tailings filtration circuit nearing commissioning in Q2 2025, supports stable production metrics like cash cost per ounce, providing a solid base for reinvestment.
• IDR holds significant REE land packages in Idaho's REE-Th Belt and plans its busiest exploration season to date in 2025, aiming to capitalize on growing domestic demand for critical minerals and positioning itself as a potential key player in the U.S. supply chain.
• While facing competition from larger, more diversified miners and specialized REE producers, IDR's niche focus, integrated gold-REE model, and strategic partnerships offer differentiation, though execution risk on exploration and exposure to commodity price volatility remain key factors for investors to monitor.

A Dual Mandate: Production Fuels Exploration in Idaho's Mineral Belts

Idaho Strategic Resources, Inc., formerly known as New Jersey Mining Company until its strategic rebranding in December 2021, operates with a clear dual mandate: generate robust cash flow from established gold production to aggressively explore and develop future mineral assets, particularly in the burgeoning critical minerals sector. Incorporated in 1996, the company has deep roots in the historic mining districts of North Idaho, initially focusing on gold, silver, and base metals. This history provides a foundation of regional expertise and operational experience, notably at the Golden Chest Mine and through its majority ownership in the New Jersey Mill Joint Venture.

The strategic pivot to include Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in its exploration focus reflects a forward-looking response to evolving global supply chain dynamics and increasing domestic demand for these critical materials. By adding significant REE land holdings in Idaho's recognized REE-Thorium Belt, IDR aims to diversify its asset base and position itself within a sector gaining national strategic importance. This production-backed exploration model is now in full effect, directing cash generated from gold sales towards both expanding known gold resources and unlocking the potential of its REE properties.

In the competitive mining landscape, IDR operates as a niche player compared to global giants like Newmont Corporation (NEM) and Barrick Gold (GOLD), which benefit from vast scale and diversified global operations, often achieving lower per-unit costs through economies of scale. Regionally, IDR competes with companies like Hecla Mining (HL), which also has a strong presence in the Coeur d'Alene district but offers a broader portfolio including silver and lead. In the REE space, IDR's exploration efforts place it in competition with established producers like MP Materials (MP), which already possesses significant processing capabilities. While IDR's scale is smaller, its focused approach allows for agility. Its integrated model, combining gold cash flow with REE exploration, differentiates it from pure-play explorers or large, less nimble diversified miners. The company's operational efficiency, particularly in milling, and its strategic land position in Idaho's REE belt represent key strengths against these competitors.

IDR's operational capabilities are centered around the Golden Chest Mine and the New Jersey Mill. The mill is a critical asset, processing ore from the mine. In the first quarter of 2025, the New Jersey Mill processed 11,337 dry metric tonnes (dmt) of ore with a flotation feed head grade of 8.67 gpt gold, achieving a gold recovery rate of 91.7%. These metrics demonstrate consistent processing performance. A significant operational enhancement underway is the construction of a new tailings filtration circuit at the mill, which was 80% complete by the end of Q1 2025 and is slated for commissioning in the second quarter. While not a proprietary "technology" in the sense of a unique material science breakthrough, this filtration circuit represents a tangible operational improvement. It is expected to enhance environmental management, potentially reduce water usage, and improve tailings storage efficiency, contributing to the long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of the milling operation. This focus on optimizing existing processes and infrastructure is a key part of maintaining the operational efficiency that underpins the company's cash flow generation.

Performance Reflecting Strategy: Record Revenue and Reinvestment

Idaho Strategic's financial performance in recent periods underscores the effectiveness of its production-backed strategy. The company achieved record annual gold production and financial results in 2024, reporting record annual revenue of $25.77 million and net income of $8.84 million. This strong momentum carried into the first quarter of 2025, which saw the highest quarterly revenue in company history, reaching $7.28 million. This represented a significant 23.4% increase compared to the $5.90 million generated in the first quarter of 2024. The primary driver for this revenue growth was a substantial increase in the average realized gold price, climbing from $1,968.28 per ounce in Q1 2024 to $2,848.74 per ounce in Q1 2025.

Gross profit also saw an increase, rising from $2.84 million in Q1 2024 to $3.70 million in Q1 2025, with the gross profit margin slightly improving from 48.1% to 50.8%. However, operating income and net income saw decreases in Q1 2025 compared to the prior year period, falling to $1.40 million and $1.59 million, respectively, from $2.14 million and $2.16 million. This reduction in profitability, despite higher revenue and gross profit, directly reflects the company's strategic decision to significantly increase investment in exploration activities. Exploration expense surged to $1.37 million in Q1 2025, a substantial increase from $267,848 in Q1 2024, due to expanded core drilling programs. Additionally, stock-based compensation expense of $495,146 in Q1 2025 contributed to the decrease in net income.

Operational cost metrics provide further insight. Cash cost per ounce remained relatively flat year-over-year, indicating stable direct production expenses. However, the all-in sustaining cost (AISC) per ounce increased, primarily due to the higher exploration expenditures. Notably, the adjusted AISC per ounce, excluding exploration costs, decreased to $993.74 in Q1 2025 from $1,115.11 in Q1 2024, suggesting underlying efficiency gains in core production activities.

Financially, IDR maintains a solid position. As of March 31, 2025, the company held $1.31 million in cash and cash equivalents and $15.07 million in investments in US Treasury notes ($8.08 million current, $7.00 million non-current), totaling $16.38 million in liquid assets. Total current assets stood at $12.73 million against total current liabilities of $2.91 million, resulting in a healthy current ratio of approximately 4.37. Subsequent to the quarter end, the company further bolstered its liquidity by issuing 380,000 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $6.25 million. Management has stated confidence that cash flows from operations and existing cash are sufficient to fund planned operations and meet obligations for the next 12 months.

Compared to larger peers, IDR's recent revenue and net income growth rates (23.4% Q1 revenue YoY, 88.66% 2024 revenue YoY, 663.27% 2024 net income YoY) have been exceptionally strong, albeit from a smaller base. While its profitability margins (Gross 50.8% Q1 2025, Net 30.48% TTM) are competitive, they may not always match the peak margins of the largest, most efficient global producers like GOLD or NEM, which benefit from different geological endowments and operational scales. However, IDR's focus on controlling cash costs at its operating mine provides a critical financial anchor.

Strategic Growth: Expanding Gold and Unlocking REE Potential

The core of IDR's forward strategy is the reinvestment of gold production cash flow into exploration to drive future growth. At the Golden Chest Mine, exploration efforts are focused on extending the known gold mineralization. In Q1 2025, this included 176 meters of exploration drifting and 4,230 meters of surface core drilling targeting areas like the Paymaster, Jumbo, and H-vein, as well as underground drilling in the Klondike area and targeting the Red Star zone and northerly projections of the H-vein. The goal is to identify and delineate additional resources that can be brought into the mine plan, sustaining or increasing gold production levels.

Simultaneously, the company is aggressively pursuing its REE strategy across its 19,090 acres of landholdings in central Idaho. These properties, including Lemhi Pass, Diamond Creek, and Mineral Hill, are located within a nationally recognized REE-Thorium Belt and are included in the U.S.' National REE Inventory. The strategic rationale is clear: capitalize on the anticipated demand growth for REEs driven by electrification, defense spending, and the push for domestic supply chain security. IDR believes its early move into acquiring these land positions provides a "first-mover advantage" in this specific Idaho belt.

The company is planning its busiest exploration season to date in 2025 for its REE and thorium projects. This involves leveraging relationships developed with state agencies, universities, and national labs to advance exploration activities on multiple fronts. A notable recent development is the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed with Clean Core Thorium Energy, Inc. (CCTE) to evaluate the feasibility of thorium mining and processing for CCTE's advanced nuclear fuel. This highlights IDR's proactive approach to exploring potential end-uses and partnerships for the minerals it aims to discover.

Management expects exploration expenses, which significantly impacted Q1 2025 profitability, to continue and potentially increase throughout the remainder of 2025. This signals a strong commitment to advancing both gold and REE projects, viewing these expenditures as necessary investments for long-term value creation rather than discretionary costs. The successful commissioning of the new tailings filtration circuit in Q2 2025 is another operational milestone that supports the sustainability and efficiency of the gold production base that funds these exploration ambitions.

Risks and Considerations

While IDR's strategy presents compelling growth opportunities, investors should be mindful of inherent risks. As a gold producer, the company remains exposed to fluctuations in gold prices, which significantly impact revenue and profitability, as evidenced by the Q1 2025 results. Similarly, the value of its unsettled concentrate sales is subject to future price changes until final settlement.

Mining operations involve inherent uncertainties and risks, including geological variability, permitting challenges, and operational disruptions. The company's financial statements rely on estimates, such as the valuation of inventories and the calculation of asset retirement obligations (estimated at $104,000 for the Golden Chest and $224,000 for the New Jersey Mill as of March 31, 2025), which could differ from actual outcomes.

Exploration activities, particularly for REEs, are inherently speculative. While IDR holds promising land packages and plans aggressive programs, there is no guarantee that commercially viable deposits will be discovered or developed. The success of the REE strategy also depends on the development of domestic processing capabilities and end-user markets, which are still evolving.

Competition is a persistent factor. While IDR has carved out a niche, it faces pressure from larger, better-capitalized companies with greater economies of scale and potentially more advanced processing technologies, particularly in the REE sector where MP Materials holds a leading position in U.S. production and processing. IDR's ability to compete will depend on the quality of its discoveries, the efficiency of its operations, and its success in securing partnerships and market channels.

Conclusion

Idaho Strategic Resources is pursuing a focused and ambitious strategy, effectively utilizing cash flow from its profitable Golden Chest gold mine and New Jersey Mill to fuel exploration for both gold resource expansion and critical Rare Earth Elements. The company's record financial performance in 2024 and strong start to 2025, marked by record quarterly revenue, demonstrate the strength of its operating base, particularly benefiting from a favorable gold price environment.

The significant reinvestment in exploration, while impacting near-term reported earnings, is central to the long-term investment thesis. Success in delineating additional gold resources could extend the life and profitability of the Golden Chest, while discoveries on its extensive REE landholdings could unlock substantial value in a strategically vital sector. The planned commissioning of the new tailings filtration circuit is an operational step that supports the sustainability of its core gold business.

For investors, IDR represents an opportunity to gain exposure to both established gold production and high-potential domestic REE exploration. Key factors to watch include the results of the ongoing and planned exploration programs, the successful commissioning and impact of the new mill circuit, and trends in both the gold and REE markets. While risks associated with commodity price volatility and exploration success remain, IDR's production-backed model and strategic positioning in critical minerals present a compelling narrative for potential growth.