Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust is strategically pivoting towards organically creating credit-sensitive investments, particularly through private label securitizations of non-owner-occupied, second home, and jumbo loans, leveraging its synergistic relationship with PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (PFSI)'s robust origination platform.
• Despite a Q1 2025 net loss driven by market volatility and fair value declines in interest rate-sensitive assets and CRT, the company's core income (excluding market changes) remains strong, supported by stable cash flows from its seasoned MSR and GSE CRT portfolios and improving profitability in correspondent production.
• Management expects to consistently execute private label securitizations (one investor loan deal/month, one jumbo/quarter starting Q2 2025) targeting mid-teen returns, a key driver for future earnings growth and a strategic response to the evolving secondary market landscape and potential GSE footprint changes.
• The company maintains a stable $0.40 per share common dividend, anticipating that yield curve normalization and successful deployment into higher-yielding credit opportunities will drive the run rate return potential back towards and above this level in the coming quarters.
• PMT-PC's strong risk management, including hedging and non-mark-to-market financing for CRT, along with proactive debt management and compliance with regulatory capital requirements, provides resilience against market volatility and supports its long-term investment strategy.

Setting the Scene: A Specialty Finance REIT Adapting to Evolving Mortgage Markets

PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust ($PMT-PC) operates as a specialty finance real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on investing in residential mortgage-related assets. The company's primary objective is to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns to its shareholders, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. PMT-PC's business model is structured around three core segments: credit sensitive strategies, interest rate sensitive strategies, and correspondent production.

The company's history, dating back to its 2009 IPO, is rooted in the anticipation of a return to the private label securitization market. While initially investing in distressed mortgage assets, PMT-PC strategically developed its correspondent production activities between 2015 and 2020. This channel became instrumental in the organic creation of key investment assets, including mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), private label non-Agency MBS, and unique GSE lender risk transfer (CRT) arrangements. This integrated approach, leveraging the operational capabilities of its external manager and affiliate, PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (PFSI), forms a foundational competitive advantage.

The broader mortgage market landscape has been characterized by significant interest rate volatility in recent periods. Third-party estimates for total industry originations in 2025 range from $2.0 trillion to $2.3 trillion, reflecting varying expectations for interest rate movements and their impact on both purchase and refinance volumes. Elevated interest rates have constrained overall market size, but recent volatility has also created opportunities for refinancing as a greater proportion of outstanding loans approach current market rates. Despite potential economic uncertainty and slowing home price growth, the overall credit strength of consumers and substantial home equity accumulation have contributed to persistently low delinquency rates across mortgage portfolios.

In this dynamic environment, PMT-PC operates within a competitive landscape that includes large mortgage REITs like Annaly Capital Management (NLY) and AGNC Investment Corp. (AGNC), which primarily focus on Agency MBS, as well as New Residential Investment Corp. (NRZ), which has a significant presence in servicing rights and non-agency MBS, and diversified real estate finance companies like Starwood Property Trust (STWD). Indirect competition comes from fintech lenders and traditional banks. While competitors like NLY and AGNC benefit from scale and cost efficiencies in Agency MBS trading, and NRZ demonstrates efficiency in non-agency origination, PMT-PC differentiates itself through its unique operational synergy with PFSI and its expertise in organically creating credit-sensitive investments.

The Power of Synergy and Organic Creation: PMT-PC's Differentiated Engine

A central pillar of PMT-PC's strategy and a significant competitive moat is its synergistic relationship with PFSI. PMT-PC leverages PFSI's best-in-class operating platform, which includes a deep and experienced management team, scaled servicing operations, and a large, agile multi-channel origination business. This partnership provides PMT-PC with a consistent and high-quality pipeline of loans for potential investment.

This structure allows PMT-PC to efficiently deploy capital into long-term mortgage assets without the operational burdens associated with originating and servicing loans directly. The platform's capabilities translate into tangible operational benefits, such as efficient loan processing and servicing, although specific quantifiable metrics comparing its speed or cost advantage over all competitors are not detailed. The core technological advantage lies in the integrated platform's ability to source, diligence, and manage mortgage assets across their lifecycle, from origination through servicing and securitization.

Crucially, PFSI's deep access to the origination market, coupled with PMT-PC's ability to execute private label securitizations and retain related investments, uniquely positions the company to capitalize on the evolving landscape for secondary market execution. This is particularly relevant should government-sponsored entities (GSEs) reduce their footprint or maintain pricing limits on certain loan types. This organic creation capability, refined over PMT-PC's history, is a key strategic focus.

Recent R&D and strategic initiatives are centered around expanding this organic creation into new asset classes. Management is actively aggregating agency-eligible non-owner-occupied and second home loans, with plans to consistently securitize these assets. They are also focusing on the growing volume of jumbo loans originated through PFSI's platform and the correspondent channel, with the goal of initiating jumbo loan securitizations in the second quarter of 2025. While other asset classes like closed-end seconds and prime non-QM are being evaluated, they do not currently meet return targets or require further market development. The stated goal of these securitization efforts is to drive organic investments in newly created private label securities, targeting mid-teen returns on equity. This strategic pivot is a direct response to market opportunities and leverages the company's unique operational and securitization expertise, aiming to build a sustainable asset creation mechanism similar to the historical CRT program.

Performance and Positioning in a Volatile Market

PMT-PC's financial performance in recent quarters reflects the impact of market volatility alongside the underlying strength of its core operations and strategic initiatives. In the first quarter of 2025, the company reported a net loss attributable to common shareholders of $1 million, or negative $0.01 per diluted common share. This loss occurred despite strong levels of income excluding market-driven value changes, primarily due to net fair value declines. These declines were driven by interest rate volatility and credit spread widening, impacting the fair value of interest rate-sensitive assets and CRT investments.

Comparing Q1 2025 to Q1 2024, pretax results decreased significantly. This was largely attributable to a $53.5 million decrease in net gains on CRT arrangements, as market credit spreads widened in Q1 2025 compared to tightening in the prior year period. Additionally, the interest rate sensitive strategies segment saw a $72.9 million decrease in net servicing fees, resulting from increased net MSR valuation losses caused by decreasing interest rates in Q1 2025 compared to increasing rates in Q1 2024. These headwinds were partially offset by an $88.4 million increase in valuation gains on MBS and a $15.2 million decrease in net interest expense. The correspondent production segment also saw a $2.2 million decrease in gain on sale, reflecting reduced margins.

Despite the Q1 2025 loss, the preceding quarters in 2024 demonstrated resilience. Q4 2024 delivered a 10% return on equity, driven by strong income excluding market value changes and positive contributions from all segments. The credit-sensitive segment contributed $20 million in pretax income in Q4 2024, while the interest rate sensitive segment contributed $25 million, benefiting from MSR fair value increases due to rising rates. Q3 2024 saw $31 million in net income ($0.36 diluted EPS), with strong contributions from credit-sensitive strategies ($26 million pretax) and interest rate sensitive strategies ($0.5 million pretax, benefiting from tax effects). Q2 2024 reported $15 million in net income ($0.17 diluted EPS), with contributions from all segments.

A notable operational highlight in recent periods has been the profitability benefit in the Correspondent Production segment from the release of liabilities related to representations and warranties. As high volumes of loans originated between 2020 and 2022 passed the three-year window for violations with minimal repurchase losses, these reserves were released. Management expects this specific contribution to decline to more normalized levels going forward.

The company's balance sheet reflects these dynamics. Total assets increased to $14.88 billion at March 31, 2025, from $14.41 billion at December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in loans at fair value, partially offset by a decrease in loans acquired for sale. Book value per common share stood at $15.43 at March 31, 2025, down modestly from $15.87 at December 31, 2024.

PMT-PC's competitive positioning is shaped by its unique structure. While competitors like NLY and AGNC have larger scale and potentially lower operating costs in specific areas like Agency MBS trading, PMT-PC's integrated platform and expertise in credit-sensitive assets provide differentiation. The company's ability to organically create investments through securitization, particularly in niche segments like investor and jumbo loans where GSEs may have pricing limits, allows it to pursue opportunities that larger, less agile competitors might not access as efficiently. Its seasoned MSR and GSE CRT portfolios, characterized by low delinquencies and high borrower equity, provide a stable base of assets with expected low prepayments, contrasting with competitors more exposed to current coupon volatility or different credit profiles.

Strategic Outlook and Managing Risks

Looking ahead, PMT-PC's strategic outlook is centered on leveraging its organic creation capabilities and benefiting from potential market shifts. Management guides for continued consistent private label securitization activity, specifically targeting approximately one securitization of non-owner-occupied loans per month and initiating approximately one jumbo loan securitization per quarter starting in Q2 2025. This is a core driver for future investment and earnings growth. To support this, the company is adjusting its conventional correspondent production retention, expecting it to remain between 15% to 25% in Q2 2025, optimizing capital allocation towards these securitization opportunities.

The company's run rate return potential, a key indicator of future earnings capacity, was $0.35 per share on a quarterly average basis as of the Q1 2025 call, down from $0.37 in the prior quarter. This decline was attributed to the compression between longer-dated asset yields and short-term financing rates. However, management anticipates that yield curve normalization over time, either through rising long-term rates or declining short-term rates (like potential Fed cuts), will widen this spread and drive the run rate back towards and potentially above the $0.40 per share level.

Despite the run rate currently being below the $0.40 per share common dividend, management has maintained the dividend at this level, emphasizing a long-term perspective and the expected future improvement in earnings capacity. This stability is supported by the company's liquidity position and cash earnings, which are deemed adequate to fund operating expenses and dividend requirements, although capital is managed in aggregate and reinvested alongside funding distributions.

Key risks facing PMT-PC include continued interest rate volatility, which impacts the fair value of its interest rate-sensitive assets and hedging instruments. Credit risk remains pertinent, particularly in its CRT and subordinate MBS investments, although the strong credit profile and high equity in underlying loans are expected to mitigate losses. Fair value risk is inherent in assets carried at fair value, subject to changes in market conditions and valuation inputs. The liability for representations and warranties also poses a risk of future losses, though recent experience has shown minimal losses from aged loans.

PMT-PC employs several strategies to mitigate these risks. A well-established interest rate hedging program aims to moderate fair value changes in MSRs and other rate-sensitive assets. Unique non-mark-to-market financing arrangements for a significant portion of CRT investments provide stability against spread widening and margin calls. The company maintains robust liquidity, including cash reserves and available borrowing capacity under its facilities (total repurchase facility size approximately $11.9 billion at March 31, 2025), and actively manages its debt maturities through refinancings and new issuances, such as the $172.5 million of 9.00% senior notes due 2030 issued in Q1 2025. Compliance with regulatory capital and liquidity requirements from FHFA and Ginnie Mae is also a key focus.

Conclusion

PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust is navigating a dynamic mortgage market by leaning into its core strengths: a diversified investment portfolio, a seasoned base of MSR and GSE CRT assets, robust risk management capabilities, and a unique synergistic relationship with PFSI. While recent results have been impacted by market volatility, particularly fair value changes, the underlying operational performance and strategic direction remain compelling.

The company's pivot towards organically creating credit-sensitive investments through private label securitization of non-owner-occupied, second home, and jumbo loans represents a significant opportunity to drive future earnings growth and capitalize on evolving secondary market dynamics. This strategy, leveraging PMT-PC's integrated platform and securitization expertise, differentiates it within the competitive landscape. Although the current run rate return potential is below the dividend, management's outlook is underpinned by expected yield curve normalization and successful deployment of capital into these targeted mid-teen return opportunities. For investors, PMT-PC offers exposure to a specialized mortgage REIT with a clear strategy for asset creation and a commitment to dividend stability, balanced against the inherent risks of interest rate and credit market volatility. The successful execution of its securitization pipeline and the trajectory of its run rate will be critical indicators to monitor.