Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Core Investment Thesis: Avista Corporation's stable, regulated utility operations, particularly Avista Utilities, form a robust foundation, driving consistent earnings and offsetting volatility from its non-regulated ventures.
• Financial Resilience & Growth: Strong first-half 2025 utility performance, bolstered by constructive rate cases, affirms the company's consolidated earnings guidance for 2025 ($2.52-$2.72 diluted EPS), with the low end expected due to non-utility losses. A long-term EPS growth target of 4-6% from a 2025 base year is supported by a substantial capital expenditure plan of nearly $3 billion through 2029.
• Strategic Expansion & Modernization: Avista is aggressively pursuing infrastructure upgrades, resource adequacy (targeting 490 MW by 2030 and 950 MW by 2035), and regional grid expansion through initiatives like the North Plains Connector and a significant pipeline of potential large load customers (over 3,000 MW).
• Regulatory & Market Headwinds: Persistent under-recovery from the Energy Recovery Mechanism (ERM) in Washington ($0.12 diluted EPS drag in 2025) and valuation losses in "other businesses" (clean tech investment losses of $0.15/share in H1 2025) remain key challenges.
• Dividend Strategy: The company has increased its dividend for the 23rd consecutive year to $1.96 per share but plans for dividend growth to lag EPS growth to realign its payout ratio with the target 65-75% range.

Avista's Enduring Foundation and Strategic Vision

Avista Corporation, a name adopted in 1999 from its 1889 origins as Washington Water Power, stands as a cornerstone electric and natural gas utility primarily serving the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Its core business revolves around regulated utility operations through Avista Utilities, spanning eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and parts of Oregon and Montana, complemented by Alaska Electric Light and Power Company (AEL&P) in Juneau. Beyond its regulated core, Avista also engages in non-regulated ventures via Avista Capital, including strategic investments in clean technology.

The company's overarching strategy is deeply rooted in long-term infrastructure investment, fostering regulatory stability, and navigating the complex transition towards clean energy, all while supporting customer growth. This vision is particularly pertinent in an industry shaped by broad trends like increasing electrification, stringent clean energy mandates, growing concerns over resource adequacy, and the burgeoning demand from large industrial loads such as data centers. Avista's enduring presence and commitment to reliability underscore its foundational strengths in a dynamic energy landscape.

Technological Edge and Operational Resilience

Avista's commitment to operational excellence is significantly bolstered by its technological advancements, particularly in wildfire mitigation and grid modernization. The company has deployed AI-enabled fire detection cameras, capable of detecting wildfire smoke up to 10 miles away and sending immediate alerts to emergency agencies. These cameras have already proven successful in identifying and managing fires, enhancing the speed and effectiveness of response. Furthermore, Avista implements "Fire Safety Mode" during dry summer conditions, a critical operational change that de-energizes power lines after a fault until crews can confirm safety, thereby significantly reducing ignition risk.

Beyond detection and response, Avista is actively hardening its grid infrastructure. This includes replacing traditional wooden transmission poles with more resilient steel alternatives, installing fire-retardant mesh at pole bases, and upgrading wooden crossarms to fiberglass. In certain high-risk areas, the company is converting overhead power lines to underground service, further minimizing wildfire exposure. These technological and infrastructure investments offer tangible benefits: enhanced safety for communities, improved grid reliability, and a direct reduction in the financial and operational risks associated with wildfires. For investors, these initiatives translate into greater long-term stability, reduced potential liabilities, and a more resilient asset base, contributing to sustainable earnings.

Avista's non-regulated "other businesses" also play a strategic role in its technological roadmap. Investments in "clean technology-focused venture funds" are explicitly aimed at "learning about innovations related to the utility of the future and the future of energy technology." While these investments introduce financial volatility, they provide Avista with insights into emerging energy solutions, potentially informing future utility investments and operational efficiencies. This forward-looking approach positions Avista to adapt to evolving energy demands and maintain its competitive edge.

Competitive Positioning in a Dynamic Market

Avista holds a stable, albeit not dominant, position within the diversified utilities sector, particularly in the western U.S. The company's competitive standing is primarily defined by its strong regulatory licenses and its established infrastructure. These regulatory frameworks provide Avista with a degree of pricing power and foster customer loyalty, contributing to recurring revenue and stable margins. Its extensive hydroelectric generation and distribution networks offer a unique advantage, providing a cleaner energy profile and potentially greater efficiency in energy delivery compared to peers with more fossil-fuel-heavy portfolios.

Compared to diversified utilities like Black Hills Corporation (BKH) and MDU Resources Group (MDU), Avista's more focused utility operations mean it may lag in overall diversification and growth rates. However, Avista's deep regional expertise and its proactive approach to grid modernization and wildfire mitigation, underpinned by its technological investments, provide a competitive differentiator in service reliability and safety. While direct quantitative comparisons of market share with all competitors are not publicly detailed, Avista's consistent performance in its service territories suggests a strong competitive presence. The high capital requirements and complex regulatory approvals inherent in the utility industry act as significant barriers to entry, further solidifying Avista's market position against potential new entrants and providing a defensive moat against existing rivals.

Financial Performance: A Tale of Two Segments

Avista's recent financial performance underscores the strength of its core utility operations, even as its non-regulated segment introduces volatility. For the first half of 2025, consolidated net income was $93.00 million, or $1.15 per diluted share, a decrease from $94.00 million, or $1.20 per diluted share, in the first half of 2024. This consolidated dip was primarily driven by losses in the "other businesses" segment.

Avista Utilities, the regulated core, demonstrated robust performance. Its net income for the first half of 2025 increased by 11.0% to $101.00 million, up from $91.00 million in the same period last year. This improvement was largely attributable to the positive effects of recent general rate cases and sustained customer and load growth. Electric utility margin, a non-GAAP measure reflecting core profitability, increased by $54.00 million in the first half of 2025, while natural gas utility margin rose by $15.00 million, both primarily due to constructive rate case outcomes. These gains were partially offset by increased operating costs, depreciation, and income tax expense.

In contrast, the "other businesses" segment recorded a net loss of $12.00 million for the first half of 2025, a significant increase from a $2.00 million loss in the prior-year period. These losses, totaling $0.15 per diluted share in H1 2025, were predominantly (approximately 75%) due to lower valuations of clean technology-focused investments, impacted by shifts in public policy and market sentiment. The remaining 25% of losses stemmed from ownership dilution and borrowing costs. This segment's volatility highlights the importance of the stable utility earnings in maintaining overall financial health. Alaska Electric Light and Power Company (AEL&P) contributed $4.00 million in net income for the first half of 2025, a slight decrease from $5.00 million in H1 2024, but continued to perform consistently.

Strategic Initiatives and Capital Deployment

Avista is executing an ambitious capital plan to meet growing energy demand and enhance system reliability. The company invested a record $510.00 million in utility capital expenditures in 2024, and in the first half of 2025, capital expenditures at Avista Utilities totaled $236.00 million. Looking ahead, Avista projects utility capital expenditures of $525.00 million in 2025, $575.00 million in 2026, and $600.00 million in 2027. The total capital plan from 2025 through 2029 is nearly $3.00 billion, representing an annual growth rate of 5-6%. This plan does not include potential incremental investments from future generation or transmission projects.

Resource adequacy is a key focus, especially with the planned exit of the Colstrip coal-fired plant (222 MW) by December 31, 2025, and the retirement of the Northeast combustion turbine (65 MW) in 2030. Avista's 2025 Electric Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) outlines a need for approximately 490 MW of new generating capacity by 2030 and a total of 950 MW by 2035. To address this, the company issued an all-source Request for Proposals (RFP) in May 2025, seeking 100-425 MW of generation by 2029. Over 80 bids were received, encompassing a diverse range of resources including wind, solar, battery storage, natural gas, distributed energy, and demand response, with options for self-build and build transfer agreements. A shortlist of preferred projects is expected by the end of July 2025, with contract negotiations commencing in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Beyond generation, Avista is pursuing significant transmission expansion. In November 2024, it signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding to join the North Plains Connector transmission line project, which aims to connect the region to new markets and improve reliability. The company is also actively engaging with potential large load customers, with over 3,000 MW of requests in the pipeline for system integration within the next 3-5 years, a substantial figure compared to Avista's peak electric native load of just under 2,000 MW. These opportunities are viewed as beneficial for existing customers, potentially leading to grid enhancements, employment opportunities, and future rate relief.

Regulatory Landscape and Risk Management

Avista's strategic execution is closely tied to its regulatory success. The 2024 Washington general rate cases concluded constructively in December 2024, approving a 9.8% Return on Equity (ROE) and increasing utility margin. Building on this, Avista secured an all-party, all-issue settlement in its Oregon general rate case, approved in May 2025, designed to increase annual base revenues by $4.00 million (5%) effective September 2025, based on a 9.5% ROE. A similar all-party, all-issue settlement was reached in Idaho in June 2025, pending commission approval, which would increase annual base electric revenues by $19.50 million (6.3%) in September 2025 and $14.70 million (4.5%) in September 2026, with natural gas revenues also seeing adjustments. This Idaho settlement is based on a 9.6% ROE.

Despite these regulatory wins, a persistent challenge is the Energy Recovery Mechanism (ERM) in Washington. The Washington Commission denied Avista's request to modify the ERM, leading to an expected negative impact of $0.12 per diluted share in 2025 (with $0.08 already incurred in H1 2025). This under-recovery stems from market volatility and the inability to fully capture the forecast value of excess resource capacity, a dynamic exacerbated by unpredictable weather and evolving carbon emission policies. The company is pursuing a multi-year strategy to address this.

Other regulatory and market risks include the ongoing legal challenges to Washington State Building Codes promoting all-electric heating, which could negatively impact the natural gas business while boosting electric demand. New EPA regulations from April 2024 also pose potential compliance costs, which the company intends to recover through ratemaking. Tariffs on imported goods could increase capital and operating expenses, though Avista is mitigating this through domestic sourcing and price agreements, with Canadian natural gas imports currently believed to be exempt.

Financially, Avista maintains a strong liquidity position. As of June 30, 2025, it had $106.00 million in available liquidity under its committed line of credit and $42.00 million under its letter of credit facility. In July 2025, the company issued $120.00 million of 6.18% first mortgage bonds, using proceeds to repay existing borrowings. AEL&P also secured a $20.00 million term loan in July 2025. The company expects to issue $80.00 million of common stock in 2025. Its consolidated total debt to total capitalization ratio of 54.60% as of June 30, 2025, remains well within its 65% covenant, and S&P recently removed its negative watch, affirming the company's balance sheet strength.

Outlook and Investment Implications

Avista has affirmed its consolidated earnings guidance for 2025, projecting a range of $2.52 to $2.72 per diluted share. Management anticipates results at the low end of this range, primarily due to the $0.15 per diluted share in valuation losses from its non-regulated investment portfolio recognized in the first half of the year. Avista Utilities is expected to contribute towards the upper end of its segment guidance of $2.43 to $2.61 per diluted share, while AEL&P is projected to contribute $0.09 to $0.11 per diluted share. The "other businesses" segment is guided to a zero contribution for 2025, reflecting management's expectation of continued volatility.

The company's long-term earnings growth target of 4-6% from a 2025 base year is underpinned by its robust capital investment program and anticipated constructive regulatory outcomes. Operating and maintenance (O&M) expenses are projected at $470.00 million for 2025, a 15% increase from 2024, with approximately 40% of this increase attributed to amortizations and wildfire mitigation costs that are offset by corresponding revenue. Future annual O&M increases are expected to moderate to around 4%. Avista's dividend, increased for the 23rd consecutive year to $1.96 per share, is a key component of shareholder return. However, the company is strategically managing its payout ratio, expecting dividend growth to be less than EPS growth until it aligns with the target 65-75% range.

Conclusion

Avista Corporation presents a compelling investment narrative rooted in the stability and strategic growth of its regulated utility operations. Despite the acknowledged volatility from its non-regulated clean technology investments, the core utility business consistently delivers strong financial performance, bolstered by effective regulatory strategies and significant capital deployment. The company's proactive approach to grid modernization, including the adoption of AI-enabled wildfire detection and extensive infrastructure hardening, not only enhances operational resilience but also positions it for long-term reliability and cost management in a changing climate.

The ambitious capital expenditure plan, coupled with strategic initiatives to secure future generation capacity and expand transmission infrastructure, underscores Avista's commitment to meeting growing energy demands and transitioning to a cleaner energy future. While challenges like the Energy Recovery Mechanism persist, management's transparent guidance and multi-year strategies to address these issues provide clarity. Avista's disciplined financial management, healthy balance sheet, and a clear path to optimizing its dividend payout ratio further solidify its appeal, making it a strong consideration for investors seeking a blend of stability, growth, and technological leadership within the utilities sector.