Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Brighthouse Financial is undergoing a significant strategic recalibration, transitioning its complex Variable Annuity (VA) and Shield hedging strategies to enhance capital efficiency and reduce volatility, with completion expected by September 2025.
• The company maintains a robust capital position, with an estimated combined RBC ratio between 405% and 425% in Q2 2025, within its 400%-450% target range, supported by over $900 million in holding company liquid assets.
• Despite market complexities and a Q2 2025 adjusted earnings shortfall of $60 million (driven by lower alternative investment income and higher claims severity), BHF continues to deliver strong sales in annuities ($2.6 billion in Q2 2025) and life insurance, alongside promising growth in BlackRock's LifePath Paycheck deposits.
• Strategic reinsurance transactions and a disciplined approach to expense management underscore BHF's commitment to optimizing its balance sheet and driving profitable growth, with a long-term alternative investment yield target of 9%-11% annually.
• The company's consistent share repurchase program, having reduced outstanding shares by over 50% since 2018, signals management's confidence in intrinsic value, even as it navigates competitive pressures and prepares for future regulatory changes.

The Evolution of a Specialized Insurer: From Legacy to Strategic Focus

Brighthouse Financial, Inc. (BHF) emerged in August 2017 as a publicly-traded entity, spun off from MetLife, Inc. . Its roots, however, stretch back to 1863, establishing a deep legacy in the U.S. insurance landscape. From its inception, BHF's core mission has been to provide specialized annuity and life insurance products, addressing critical client needs for protected wealth accumulation, wealth transfer, and income security through a diverse network of independent distribution partners. This focused approach distinguishes BHF from its larger, more diversified peers like MetLife and Prudential Financial , who operate on a global scale with broader product portfolios.

BHF's strategic journey since its spin-off has been marked by a dual imperative: managing a complex legacy book of business while simultaneously innovating and growing its new product offerings. The company has cultivated a strong brand in retirement-focused products, particularly its flagship Shield annuity suite, which has seen remarkable growth. This specialization, coupled with proprietary risk management expertise, especially in its Run-off segment, forms a key competitive advantage. While larger competitors benefit from scale and global reach, BHF's focused U.S. market presence allows for a tailored approach to product development and distribution, aiming for superior margins in its core segments.

Technological Edge and Operational Excellence

In an industry increasingly driven by digital transformation, Brighthouse Financial has strategically invested in its operational and technological capabilities. While specific quantifiable metrics on its proprietary technology are not publicly detailed, management asserts that its "technology is state-of-the-art." This technological foundation is critical for enabling the company's product innovation, streamlining distribution, and maintaining its disciplined expense management. For instance, the successful launch and continuous updates to its Shield annuity suite and SmartCare life insurance products are direct outcomes of its robust development capabilities.

The integration with BlackRock's (BLK) LifePath Paycheck (LPP) solution further highlights BHF's technological adaptability and strategic intent to leverage digital platforms for market expansion. LPP, now live in six employer retirement plans totaling $16 billion in assets under management, allows BHF to reach new customers through the worksite channel. This partnership demonstrates BHF's ability to integrate with advanced financial technologies to enhance its distribution footprint and tap into evolving retirement savings trends. The strategic benefit for investors lies in how these technological enablers contribute to BHF's competitive moat, supporting its ability to offer competitive products, service clients efficiently, and manage operational costs effectively, thereby underpinning its long-term growth strategy.

Financial Performance and Strategic Responses

Brighthouse Financial's financial performance reflects the interplay of market dynamics, strategic initiatives, and operational execution. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the company reported net income available to shareholders of $60 million, a notable increase from $9 million in the prior-year quarter. This improvement was primarily driven by favorable pre-tax adjusted earnings and net favorable changes in the estimated fair value of variable annuity guaranteed benefit riders due to market factors. However, adjusted earnings for Q2 2025 were approximately $60 million below quarterly average run rate expectations, largely due to lower alternative investment income (yielding 1.5% in the quarter, below the long-term target of 9%-11%) and a lower underwriting margin from higher average severity of claims.

The company's segments illustrate these dynamics:

• Annuities: Adjusted earnings remained flat year-over-year at $332 million in Q2 2025. This was influenced by lower fees due to reduced average separate account balances, offset by lower expenses and increased net investment spread (up 7.75% YoY to $403 million). Total annuity sales were strong at $2.6 billion in Q2 2025, an 8% increase year-over-year, with Shield sales contributing $1.9 billion.
• Life: This segment reported an adjusted loss of $26 million in Q2 2025, a significant decline from a $42 million profit in the prior year. This was primarily due to a lower underwriting margin and reduced net investment income, partially mitigated by lower expenses. Life insurance sales, however, showed robust growth, reaching $33 million in Q2 2025, contributing to record year-to-date sales of $69 million (up 21% YoY).
• Run-off: An adjusted loss of $83 million was recorded in Q2 2025, reflecting a lower underwriting margin despite higher net investment income and lower expenses. The segment's year-to-date adjusted loss, however, significantly reduced to $147 million from $371 million in the prior year, indicating some positive trends in managing legacy liabilities.
• Corporate Other: This segment reported an adjusted loss of $25 million in Q2 2025, flat sequentially but a substantial increase from a $2 million loss in the prior year, primarily due to a lower net investment spread on institutional business.

These results underscore the ongoing challenges of managing a complex portfolio in a dynamic market. The company's gross profit margin (TTM) stands at 37.75%, with a net profit margin (TTM) of 10.56%, reflecting its ability to generate profits despite volatility. However, operating cash flow (TTM) remains negative at -$290 million, highlighting the capital-intensive nature of the business and the need for continued capital optimization.

Capital Management and Hedging Strategy Evolution

A central theme for Brighthouse Financial is its unwavering commitment to maintaining a strong capital position and robust liquidity. The company targets a combined Risk-Based Capital (RBC) ratio between 400% and 450% in normal market conditions. In Q2 2025, the estimated combined RBC ratio was between 405% and 425%, firmly within this target. This was achieved despite a sequential decrease in the RBC ratio due to seasonality, capital charges for fixed business, and adverse non-VA results, partially driven by mortality. Holding company liquid assets remained strong at over $900 million as of June 30, 2025, providing crucial financial flexibility.

The company's strategic response to capital pressures, particularly the strain from its rapidly growing Shield annuity block, has been multifaceted. In Q4 2024, BHF made a $100 million capital contribution to Brighthouse Life Insurance Company (BLIC) to ensure the year-end RBC ratio was at the low end of its target range. This was complemented by two significant reinsurance transactions in 2024: one for a legacy block of fixed and payout annuities (approximately $8 billion in reserves) and another for a legacy block of universal life and variable universal life products. These deals were instrumental in improving capital efficiency and reducing required capital.

Crucially, BHF is overhauling its hedging strategy. Recognizing the increased complexity and capital strain from managing its VA and Shield businesses on a combined basis, BHF fully transitioned to hedging new Shield sales on a standalone basis by year-end 2024. This approach was expanded in Q4 2024 to cover most new Shield business. The company is now developing a separate hedging strategy for its in-force legacy VA and first-generation Shield book, treating it as a "closed block." This transition, expected to be completed by the end of September 2025, aims to introduce simplification, greater transparency, and reduce volatility in financial results. Management emphasizes that this strategic shift, while potentially involving a "give-up of cash flows in the future" for "near-term capital generation," is designed to protect the franchise's ability to grow new business and better position the company for future regulatory changes, such as the 2026 Economic Scenario Generator (ESG) updates.

Competitive Landscape and Strategic Positioning

Brighthouse Financial operates in a highly competitive U.S. life insurance and annuities market, contending with industry giants like MetLife , Prudential Financial , Lincoln National Corporation , and American International Group . While BHF's market capitalization of $2.67 billion is smaller than these diversified players, its specialized focus on retirement solutions provides a distinct competitive edge.

• Against MetLife (MET): BHF's offerings are more concentrated in the U.S., emphasizing protected wealth accumulation, whereas MET leverages a broad global presence and diversified portfolio. BHF's niche product innovation, particularly in index-linked annuities, allows it to compete effectively by offering tailored solutions, potentially achieving comparable profitability margins in its core segments. However, MET's scale and digital initiatives provide advantages in customer acquisition and operational efficiency.
• Against Prudential Financial (PRU): BHF's product suite aligns with PRU's in individual annuities and life insurance, but BHF's strategy emphasizes simplicity and protection. PRU's integrated asset management model offers cross-selling opportunities and ESG-focused innovations, areas where BHF is still developing. BHF's focus on managing its Run-off segment efficiently provides a unique value proposition in cost control for legacy contracts.
• Against Lincoln National (LNC): Both BHF and LNC target similar customer needs in retirement income and life insurance. BHF's specialized focus may offer greater efficiency in income annuities, while LNC emphasizes digital accessibility. BHF's Run-off expertise provides a better risk management profile for legacy products compared to LNC's broader portfolio, which has faced headwinds from market volatility.
• Against AIG (AIG): BHF's U.S.-centric approach contrasts with AIG's global property and casualty alongside life and retirement products. BHF differentiates through its emphasis on protected wealth accumulation, offering a more straightforward value proposition in retirement security. AIG leads in scale and risk diversification, which can impact resilience in volatile markets, but BHF's niche expertise allows for targeted market penetration.

BHF's competitive advantages stem from its strong brand in retirement products, proprietary risk management in its Run-off segment, and efficient distribution channels. These strengths foster customer loyalty and support superior margins in annuities. Its vulnerabilities include a narrower market scope, which exposes it to domestic regulatory changes, and potential technological gaps compared to rivals with faster innovation cycles. However, high barriers to entry in the insurance industry, such as regulatory approvals and capital requirements, provide a defensive moat for BHF and its established competitors.

Outlook and Shareholder Returns

Brighthouse Financial's outlook is anchored in its ongoing strategic initiatives. The financial plan anticipates a "relatively stable" combined RBC ratio over the next few years without additional holding company support, assuming moderate market returns and slightly elevated credit losses. The long-term alternative investment portfolio is expected to yield 9%-11% annually. While the release of long-term statutory free cash flow projections has been delayed to beyond 2025, pending the completion of hedging strategy revisions, management's focus remains on profitable growth and capital optimization.

The company's sales appetite remains robust, with expectations for 2025 flows and surrender activity to be at or above 2024 levels, driven by fixed rate annuities coming out of surrender and continued Shield business growth. Corporate expenses are expected to normalize after a higher Q1 2025, with a strategic goal to grow revenues faster than expenses.

BHF has demonstrated a strong commitment to shareholder returns. Since August 2018, the company has repurchased over $2.6 billion of its common stock, reducing outstanding shares by more than 50% by Q2 2025. This aggressive buyback program, with $441 million capacity remaining, signals management's confidence in the company's intrinsic value. While the financial plan contemplates cumulative dividends from operating companies to the holding company over a multi-year period (starting after 2024), specific annual forecasts are not provided, and the commitment to preferred dividends remains unwavering.

Conclusion

Brighthouse Financial is in a pivotal phase of strategic recalibration, actively transforming its operational and hedging frameworks to unlock capital and enhance efficiency. The company's focused business model, underpinned by a state-of-the-art technological foundation and a disciplined approach to risk and expense management, positions it as a specialized player in the U.S. annuity and life insurance markets. While the journey involves navigating complex legacy liabilities and competitive pressures from larger, more diversified rivals, BHF's proactive measures in reinsurance and hedging strategy simplification are designed to stabilize its capital position and foster profitable growth.

The investment thesis for Brighthouse Financial hinges on its ability to successfully execute these strategic initiatives, translating improved capital efficiency into sustained shareholder value. The ongoing commitment to share repurchases, coupled with a clear outlook for RBC stability and long-term alternative investment returns, suggests a management team confident in its trajectory. As the company moves towards completing its hedging strategy overhaul by September 2025 and prepares for future regulatory changes, investors will closely monitor the realization of anticipated capital benefits and the continued growth of its innovative product suites, particularly Shield annuities and the promising LifePath Paycheck solution.