Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Unrivaled North American Network: Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) stands as the sole single-line railway connecting Canada, the U.S., and Mexico, a strategic advantage driving unique growth opportunities and resilience against macroeconomic headwinds.
• Robust Financial and Operational Momentum: Despite external uncertainties and past operational challenges, CPKC delivered strong Q2 2025 results with 3% revenue growth and a 110 basis point improvement in core adjusted operating ratio, underpinned by mid-single-digit volume expansion.
• Technological Edge and Efficiency: CPKC leverages advanced rail technologies like cold wheel detection and locomotive interoperability, alongside strategic infrastructure investments, to enhance safety, improve operational efficiency, and drive cost savings.
• Strategic Growth Initiatives: The company is actively expanding its market reach through premium services like MMX 180/181, the new Southeast Mexico Express (SMX) with CSX Corporation , and strategic partnerships, fostering new trade flows and converting truck volumes to rail.
• Disciplined Capital Allocation & Outlook: With a target of sub-60% operating ratio for 2025 and double-digit core adjusted earnings growth, CPKC is poised for continued strong free cash flow generation, enabling disciplined debt reduction and increased shareholder returns through buybacks and dividends.

The Dawn of a New Rail Era: CPKC's Strategic Foundation

Canadian Pacific Kansas City (CPKC) has fundamentally reshaped the North American rail landscape. Born from the strategic acquisition of Kansas City Southern (KCS) in April 2023, CPKC is now the continent's only single-line transnational railway. This expansive network, spanning approximately 20,000 miles across Canada, the United States, and Mexico, is more than just a collection of tracks; it is a meticulously engineered system designed to facilitate efficient, low-cost freight movement and unlock unprecedented trade opportunities. The company's history, dating back to 1881 as Canadian Pacific Railway, has culminated in this unified entity, strategically positioned to capitalize on the increasing integration of North American supply chains.

The rail industry is characterized by significant barriers to entry, primarily due to the immense capital required for infrastructure and the complex regulatory approvals. CPKC's established network and regulatory licenses, particularly its unique cross-border capabilities, serve as formidable competitive moats. While direct competitors like Canadian National Railway (CNR), Union Pacific , CSX Corporation , and Norfolk Southern operate extensive networks, none possess the contiguous single-line reach across all three North American nations. This unique positioning allows CPKC to offer unparalleled service reliability and efficiency for transcontinental shipments, a critical differentiator in a market increasingly focused on supply chain security and speed.

Technological Prowess: Fueling Efficiency and Safety

CPKC's operational excellence is deeply rooted in its commitment to technological differentiation and innovation. The company's core operating philosophy, Precision Scheduled Railroading (PSR), is enhanced by advanced technologies that drive efficiency and safety. For instance, CPKC employs cold wheel technology, which has proven highly effective in identifying defects. In Canada, this system has detected 30% more defects than standard tests, significantly improving preventative maintenance. Similarly, its broken rail detection system, deployed since 2021, has identified 150 instances of broken rail, actively preventing potential derailments.

These technologies translate into tangible benefits for investors. By proactively identifying equipment and track issues, CPKC reduces the likelihood of costly derailments and service disruptions, directly impacting operational costs and improving network fluidity. This enhanced reliability strengthens customer confidence, supporting higher service levels and potentially premium pricing. Furthermore, CPKC is investing in its fleet with the planned delivery of 100 new Tier 4 locomotives in 2025. These modern locomotives are designed to improve reliability and fuel efficiency, contributing to lower operating expenses. The company is also upgrading its legacy KCS fleet, with 175 locomotives expected to be fully interchangeable across the North American network by the end of 2024. This interoperability enhances operational flexibility and asset utilization, allowing for more efficient power deployment across the vast network. These technological advancements collectively contribute to CPKC's competitive moat by enabling superior operational performance and cost control compared to rivals who may not have the same level of integrated technological sophistication across a tri-national network.

Strategic Growth Pillars and Market Penetration

CPKC's strategic initiatives are designed to leverage its unique network and technological advantages for sustained growth. The company's MMX 180/181 premium domestic intermodal service exemplifies this, offering the fastest and most efficient single-line rail solution from Chicago to Mexico. This service saw remarkable growth, expanding 40% year-over-year in Q2 2025 and 42% in Q1 2025, demonstrating strong customer receptivity. This success is a testament to CPKC's ability to convert truck volumes to rail, even amidst a challenging trucking market.

A significant recent development is the launch of the Southeast Mexico Express (SMX) in December 2024, a new east-west Class 1 corridor in partnership with CSX Corporation (CSX) over the Meridian Speedway. This initiative connects shippers in Mexico, Texas, and the U.S. Southeast, offering new competitive rail services for automotive, intermodal, and carload customers. The company's "land bridge" strategy is also gaining traction, fostering new trade flows between Canada and Mexico. This includes increased shipments of refined fuels, LPGs, plastics, and grains from Canada to Mexico, as customers seek to diversify end markets. Management noted that this "crisis" of shifting trade policies has already created over $100 million of new revenue originating in Alberta and destined for Mexico.

In the automotive sector, CPKC's closed-loop service solution has been a game-changer, earning the company the prestigious GM (GM) Supplier of the Year award in 2024. This model, combined with strategic investments like the Dallas auto compound, provides OEMs with unparalleled service and capacity certainty. The partnership with Americold , which will see a cold storage warehouse ramp up in Kansas City by mid-2025, further expands CPKC's rail-served temperature-controlled supply chain, targeting a market traditionally dominated by trucks. These strategic partnerships and service innovations underscore CPKC's proactive approach to market making and its ability to drive idiosyncratic growth.

Financial Performance and Operational Resilience

CPKC has demonstrated robust financial performance and operational resilience, particularly in the face of external challenges. For Q2 2025, total revenues reached $3.7 billion, an increase of 3% compared to Q2 2024. This growth was primarily driven by a 7% increase in Revenue Ton-Miles (RTMs), indicating higher volumes. The company's core adjusted operating ratio improved by 110 basis points to 60.7% in Q2 2025, reflecting ongoing efficiency gains. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for Q2 2025 stood at $1.33, with core adjusted diluted EPS at $1.12, up 7% year-over-year.

Looking at the first half of 2025, total revenues were $7.49 billion, up 5% from the prior year, with RTMs increasing by 5%. While freight revenue per RTM saw a 4% decrease in Q2 2025 (and was flat year-to-date) primarily due to a $100 million unfavorable impact from lower fuel prices and the elimination of the Canadian federal carbon tax, the underlying freight rates remained strong. Operating expenses were well-managed. Compensation and benefits increased by 8% in Q2 2025 due to higher stock-based compensation (up $50 million) and wage inflation, but this was partially offset by lower incentive compensation and workforce optimization. Fuel expense decreased by 13% in Q2 2025 due to lower fuel prices (a $75 million impact), despite higher volumes. Materials expense increased due to a new parts agreement that insourced maintenance work, leading to a favorable offset in purchased services and other expenses.

The company has effectively navigated operational disruptions. Despite a four-day work stoppage in Canada and a significant derailment in Q3 2024, CPKC quickly rebounded, demonstrating network resilience. The net impact of the work stoppage was a 100 basis point headwind to the operating ratio in Q3 2024, primarily from lost revenue. However, management expects these impacts to be isolated, positioning the company for sequential and year-over-year OR improvement in Q4 2024 and beyond.

Liquidity, Capital Allocation, and Shareholder Returns

CPKC maintains a robust liquidity position, supported by its cash reserves, commercial paper program, and undrawn revolving credit facilities. The company has prioritized deleveraging post-merger, repaying approximately $7 billion in debt by early 2025. This disciplined approach has been recognized by Moody's, which upgraded CPKC's long-term debt rating to Baa1 in Q1 2025. The company's leverage ratio stood at 3.1 times as of Q3 2024, with a target of 2.5 times in early 2025.

Capital expenditures remain a strategic priority, with $2.8 billion invested in 2024 and an expected $2.9 billion in 2025, primarily for safety and capacity enhancements. Key investments include the completion of the second span of the Laredo Bridge, which more than doubles capacity at this critical border crossing, and targeted improvements in Kansas City and Mexico to enhance fluidity.

With a strong cash flow generation (Q2 2025 operating cash flow of $1.36 billion and adjusted free cash flow of $605 million), CPKC has resumed shareholder returns. In late February 2025, the company announced a new 4% share repurchase program, having already repurchased 16.4 million shares (44% of the program) by Q2 2025. Additionally, CPKC increased its quarterly dividend by 20% to $0.228 per share in April 2025, signaling a commitment to gradually increase the payout ratio towards 20-30% over time.

Outlook, Guidance, and Competitive Dynamics

CPKC's outlook for 2025 remains strong, with management guiding for mid-single-digit volume growth and 12% to 18% core adjusted earnings growth. The company is confident in achieving a sub-60% operating ratio for the full year 2025, driven by continued operational efficiencies, disciplined cost control, and leveraging its unique growth opportunities. The core adjusted effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 24.50% for the year.

The company's confidence is underpinned by several factors. Labor stability is a key assumption, following new four-year collective agreements with several Canadian unions, which are expected to prevent the episodic work stoppages seen in 2024. CPKC anticipates achieving pricing in the 4%-4.5% range for the year, supporting margin expansion above inflation. Volume growth is expected from a robust bulk franchise, including a positive outlook for grain harvests (70-75 million metric tons in Canada) and record potash demand. The ramp-up of strategic services like MMX and SMX, along with new automotive contracts and the Americold (AMT) partnership, will also contribute significantly.

The competitive landscape is dynamic, particularly with the proposed merger between Union Pacific (UNP) and Norfolk Southern (NSC). CPKC views this as a potential trigger for broader industry consolidation and intends to be an active participant in the regulatory process. The company emphasizes that the new 2001 merger rules require applicants to "enhance competition," not merely preserve it, and to consider "downstream impacts" on the entire industry. CPKC believes its unique network positions it to compete or partner with any Class I railroad, and it is actively exploring alliances to create new revenue streams and customer solutions. While single-line service is a competitive advantage, CPKC's existing Chicago-Mexico intermodal model and strong Canadian network are not threatened by potential competitor single-line offerings. The company's focus on its "land bridge" between Canada and Mexico, and its ability to offer reliable, less congested gateways, provides a compelling alternative for customers concerned about the operational risks associated with large-scale mergers.

Conclusion

CPKC has successfully transformed into a formidable transcontinental railway, uniquely positioned to capitalize on North American trade integration. Its strategic acquisition of KCS has created an unparalleled network, enabling differentiated growth opportunities and operational efficiencies. Through continuous investment in advanced technologies, disciplined cost management, and a relentless focus on customer-centric solutions, CPKC is not merely reacting to market dynamics but actively shaping them.

Despite macroeconomic uncertainties and the evolving competitive landscape, the company's strong financial performance, robust liquidity, and commitment to shareholder returns underscore a compelling investment thesis. CPKC's ability to drive idiosyncratic growth from synergies and self-help initiatives, coupled with its technological leadership and strategic partnerships, positions it for sustained double-digit earnings growth and continued operating ratio improvement. The company's proactive engagement in regulatory discussions surrounding industry consolidation further highlights its commitment to protecting and enhancing its competitive standing, ensuring long-term value creation for its shareholders.