Executive Summary / Key Takeaways

• Resilient Core Business & Strategic Optimization: Central Pacific Financial (CPF) demonstrates robust performance driven by a disciplined approach to balance sheet management and a deep-rooted presence in the resilient Hawaiian economy. The company's strategic focus on core deposit growth, targeted lending in Hawaii and select Mainland/Asian markets, and continuous efficiency enhancements are yielding tangible results.
• Strong Financial Momentum: CPF delivered impressive Q2 2025 results, with net interest income (NII) expanding by 15.2% year-over-year to $59.8 million and net interest margin (NIM) increasing by 47 basis points to 3.44%. This growth is fueled by rising asset yields and a notable reduction in deposit costs, which fell to 1.02% in Q2 2025, with a spot rate of 0.98% at quarter-end.
• Prudent Credit Management & Capital Strength: Despite a slight uptick in nonperforming and criticized assets due to idiosyncratic events, CPF maintains strong asset quality, with a well-collateralized loan book and a robust Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) of $59.6 million. Capital ratios remain well above regulatory minimums, supporting a 40% dividend payout ratio and a $25.3 million remaining share repurchase authorization.
• Technology-Driven Efficiency & Future Growth: Strategic investments in technology, including a new data center, are aimed at driving internal efficiencies and revenue growth, despite some initial elevated costs during conversion. Management projects continued NIM expansion of 4-7 basis points next quarter and low single-digit loan and deposit growth for the full year 2025, benefiting from anticipated Fed rate cuts and a healthy loan pipeline.
• Competitive Edge in a Unique Market: CPF leverages its strong local brand, community ties, and specialized market knowledge in Hawaii, alongside targeted expansion into Mainland and Asian markets, to differentiate itself from larger regional competitors. Its focus on small businesses and a diversified loan portfolio, coupled with disciplined pricing, positions it for sustained performance.

A Hawaiian Legacy Forged for Growth

Central Pacific Financial Corp. (NYSE:CPF) stands as a cornerstone of Hawaii's financial landscape, a legacy born from the vision of World War II veterans in 1954 who sought to provide accessible financial services to individuals and small businesses. This foundational ethos continues to define Central Pacific Bank (CPB), the company's primary subsidiary, which has earned the distinction of "SBA Lender of the Year" for 16 consecutive years and, notably, "Best Bank in Hawaii by Forbes Magazine" for the fourth consecutive year in 2025. This deep-rooted community connection and commitment to small businesses form the bedrock of CPF's competitive strategy.

Operating as a single reportable segment—Banking Operations—CPF offers a comprehensive suite of financial services. These include diverse lending activities spanning commercial and industrial (C&I), commercial and residential mortgage, construction, home equity, and consumer loans. Complementing its lending, CPF provides a full range of deposit products, cash management, digital banking, and wealth management services. The company's strategic vision extends beyond the islands, actively pursuing growth in select Mainland markets for diversification and higher yields, while also leveraging strong, long-standing connections with Japan and Korea for deposit generation and two-way referrals.

The Hawaiian economy, while susceptible to global and domestic headwinds, has consistently demonstrated resilience. The construction industry remains a robust driver, with completed construction reaching $14 billion in 2024 and steady growth anticipated in 2025, fueled by major infrastructure and residential projects. Tourism, a vital sector, shows encouraging trends: through May 2025, visitor arrivals were up 2.8% year-over-year, and total spending surged 24.3% from pre-pandemic 2019 levels, predominantly from domestic travelers. Hawaii's unemployment rate, at a low 2.8% in June 2025, continues to outperform the national average, bolstering consumer confidence. The residential real estate market remains steady, with Oahu single-family home prices rising 0.4% in June 2025 to a median of $1.13 million, despite slight dips in sales volumes, as housing supply gradually increases.

In this dynamic environment, CPF navigates a competitive landscape dominated by larger regional players like Bank of Hawaii (BOH) and First Hawaiian Bank (FHB), as well as more niche-focused institutions such as Territorial Bancorp (TBNK). BOH and FHB, with their greater scale and broader operational footprints, often benefit from economies of scale and more robust R&D budgets for digital innovation. CPF, however, differentiates itself through its community-centric model, fostering deeper customer relationships and offering tailored services, particularly to small and medium-sized businesses. This localized expertise provides a unique value proposition, allowing CPF to maintain strong customer loyalty and potentially better pricing power in its core segments. While CPF may trail BOH and FHB in overall market reach and the speed of technological adoption, its strategic adaptability, evidenced by its focus on niche markets and disciplined growth, helps it compete effectively. Against TBNK, CPF's broader service offerings, including integrated wealth management, provide a more comprehensive solution, potentially enhancing customer retention despite TBNK's specialized efficiency in mortgage processing.

CPF's technological differentiation, while not centered on a single proprietary breakthrough, lies in its strategic investment in modernizing its infrastructure to enhance efficiency and customer experience. The company's recent investment in a new data center, for instance, aims to streamline operations and drive long-term cost savings, even as it incurred slightly elevated computer software expenses of $0.9 million in Q2 2025 due to service overlap during conversion. While the "12 FinTech app" developed in 2022 saw a $1.4 million impairment charge in Q4 2024, highlighting the inherent risks in innovation, the strategic intent remains clear: to leverage technology for internal efficiencies and improved service delivery. This continuous investment in digital banking services, coupled with a focus on operational excellence, is critical for CPF to maintain its competitive moat against larger, more technologically advanced rivals and to attract and retain customers in an increasingly digital financial world. The "so what" for investors is that these technology investments, while sometimes incurring short-term costs or setbacks, are essential for long-term competitive relevance, operational leverage, and sustained profitability in a rapidly evolving industry.

Financial Fortitude: Performance in a Dynamic Environment

CPF's financial performance in the second quarter of 2025 underscores its strategic execution, delivering solid results amidst a dynamic economic backdrop. Net income for Q2 2025 reached $18.3 million, or $0.67 per diluted share, marking a significant increase from $15.8 million, or $0.58 per diluted share, in the year-ago quarter. Year-to-date net income for June 30, 2025, stood at $36.0 million, or $1.33 per diluted share, up from $28.8 million, or $1.06 per diluted share, in the prior year. This translates to a healthy return on average assets (ROA) of 1.00% and a return on average equity (ROE) of 13.04% in Q2 2025.

The core driver of this improved profitability is the robust expansion in net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM). Q2 2025 NII surged by $7.9 million, or 15.2%, to $59.8 million compared to the prior year, while year-to-date NII increased by $15.4 million, or 15.1%, to $117.5 million. The NIM expanded by a notable 47 basis points to 3.44% in Q2 2025. This expansion was primarily driven by higher average yields earned on both loans and investment securities, coupled with a disciplined reduction in funding costs. The average yield on loans increased by 16 basis points year-over-year to 4.96% in Q2 2025, with new loan production yields averaging approximately 7.2%. On the liability side, the average cost of total deposits decreased to 1.02% in Q2 2025, down from 1.08% in Q1 2025 and 1.33% in Q2 2024, with a spot rate of 0.98% at June 30, 2025. This favorable trend in deposit costs reflects CPF's effective balance sheet management and the rational competitive environment for deposits in Hawaii.

A strategic investment portfolio repositioning in Q4 2024 further bolstered future NII. The company sold $106.5 million in securities, incurring a $9.9 million pretax loss, but reinvested the proceeds at yields approximately 280 basis points higher. This move is projected to increase prospective annualized NII by $2.7 million and NIM by four basis points, demonstrating a forward-looking approach to optimizing asset yields.

Other operating income for Q2 2025 increased by $0.9 million, or 7.4%, to $13.0 million, primarily due to a $1.0 million increase in bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) income, which benefited from volatile equity market returns. This was partially offset by a $0.3 million decline in mortgage banking income. Total other operating expense for Q2 2025 rose by $2.8 million, or 6.8%, to $43.9 million. This increase was mainly attributable to higher salaries and employee benefits ($1.5 million, driven by deferred compensation expense, often a hedge to BOLI income), and a $0.9 million increase in computer software expenses related to the new data center conversion. Despite these expense increases, CPF's efficiency ratio improved to 60.36% in Q2 2025 and 60.75% year-to-date, reflecting strong positive operating leverage. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2025, decreased to 22.39%, primarily due to higher low-income housing tax credits recognized.

The balance sheet reflects these dynamics. Total assets decreased slightly by $102.5 million, or 1.4%, to $7.37 billion as of June 30, 2025, from December 31, 2024. Investment securities increased by $11.1 million, or 0.8%, to $1.35 billion, driven by new purchases and market valuation gains. Loans, net of deferred costs, saw a modest decrease of $43.0 million, or 0.8%, to $5.29 billion. This decline was primarily in home equity, residential mortgage, and consumer segments, partially offset by growth in construction, commercial mortgage, and C&I loans, particularly in the U.S. Mainland portfolio which grew by 6.5%. Total deposits decreased by $99.0 million, or 1.5%, to $6.54 billion, with core deposits (91.0% of total) declining by $83.5 million. However, noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased by $49.3 million, indicating a favorable mix shift.

Credit Quality and Risk Management: A Prudent Approach

CPF maintains a robust and disciplined approach to credit quality and risk management, which is critical for a regional bank operating in a concentrated geographic market. As of June 30, 2025, the Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) on loans stood at $59.6 million. The company recorded a provision for credit losses of $5.0 million in Q2 2025 and $9.2 million year-to-date, an increase primarily driven by a more conservative macroeconomic forecast in its Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) model and higher off-balance sheet credit exposure from new unfunded construction loan commitments.

Net charge-offs for Q2 2025 were $4.7 million, or 35 basis points annualized on average loans. This figure was influenced by the write-off of a single commercial loan due to an idiosyncratic event—a legal dispute leading to the borrower ceasing operations. Management emphasized that this was not indicative of systemic issues, and if this single credit were excluded, net charge-offs would have been at the lower end of their expected range of 25-50 basis points. Consumer net charge-offs, notably, continued to trend lower.

Nonperforming assets (NPAs) increased by $3.9 million, or 35.2%, to $14.9 million, representing 0.20% of total assets. This increase was mainly in the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios. Criticized loans also saw an increase of $62.2 million to $95.0 million, or 1.8% of the total loan portfolio. This was attributed to the downgrade of a commercial real estate participation loan to "special mention" and an owner-occupied commercial real estate loan to "classified." Importantly, management confirmed that both these loans are performing and adequately collateralized, with no anticipated losses. Ralph Mesick, Chief Risk Officer, highlighted that the "uptick in the AQ metrics is really a function of being at a low starting point" and that the company remains "well within our risk appetite." He further noted that the circumstances were "specific to each name" and not systemic.

CPF's risk management framework extends to interest rate risk, which is managed by the Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO) through detailed earnings and capital simulation models. The company's balance sheet is currently "relatively well-matched against movements in interest rates," operating within ALCO policy risk limits. Furthermore, losses on available-for-sale (AFS) and held-to-maturity (HTM) investment securities are attributed to changes in interest rates and market volatility, not credit quality, and the company does not intend to sell these securities prematurely.

The regulatory landscape also plays a crucial role. Central Pacific Bank became a Fed member bank on January 24, 2025, shifting its primary regulator from the FDIC to the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), a move seen as a natural step for future growth. The company's regulatory capital ratios (Leverage, CET1, Tier 1, Total risk-based) as of June 30, 2025, significantly exceed the levels required for a "well-capitalized" designation, providing a substantial buffer against potential economic downturns. This strong capital position, coupled with $317.0 million in cash and $2.5 billion in additional liquidity sources, underscores CPF's financial resilience.

Strategic Initiatives and Future Outlook: Charting a Course for Value

Central Pacific Financial is strategically positioned for continued growth and enhanced shareholder value, guided by clear initiatives and a cautiously optimistic outlook. Management targets "low single-digit full year growth for both loans and deposits in 2025," anticipating a more favorable second half after a muted first half. The loan pipeline is robust, with several commercial real estate and construction loans slated for early Q3 2025, expected to provide a "revenue lift." Growth will primarily be concentrated in C&I, commercial mortgage, and construction segments, both in Hawaii and select Mainland markets, leveraging CPF's rigorous credit standards.

On the deposit front, the focus remains on "growing core deposits while managing the cost of funds." The company's "blocking and tackling, prospecting" efforts are yielding "early success" in shifting deposit mix favorably towards noninterest-bearing demand accounts. Initiatives to attract deposits from Japan and Korea are also "gaining traction," diversifying funding sources.

Capital deployment reflects a balanced approach. The Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.27 per share, maintaining a payout ratio of approximately 40%. With capital ratios at the "higher end of our target ranges," the remaining capital provides flexibility for "organic balance sheet growth and share repurchases." The company repurchased 103,000 shares in Q2 2025 at an average price of $25.00 per share, with $25.3 million remaining under the current authorization, signaling confidence in intrinsic value.

Efficiency remains a key operational priority. Management's near-term guidance for total other operating expense is in the range of $43.5 million to $44.5 million per quarter (excluding one-time impacts). This is part of a broader objective to drive "positive operating leverage" through "revenue expansion, internal efficiencies and expense management." The planned exit of the operations center by year-end 2025, while incurring a one-time pretax write-off of $2.0 million to $2.5 million, is expected to generate approximately $1.0 million in annual savings from reduced lease and maintenance expenses. These savings may partially offset strategic investments in technology and personnel aimed at long-term revenue growth.

The macroeconomic outlook for Hawaii remains cautiously optimistic. The University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization (UHERO) projects Hawaii's unemployment rate to remain low at 3.10% in 2025, with real personal income and gross state product expected to grow by 0.90% and 1.10%, respectively. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has signaled two additional rate cuts in the latter half of 2025, which CPF anticipates will further benefit its NIM by allowing for continued, albeit gradual, reductions in deposit costs due to the rational local pricing market and high deposit betas. Dayna Matsumoto guided for continued NIM expansion of approximately 4-7 basis points next quarter, assuming the Fed remains on hold in May and a relatively flat yield curve. The effective tax rate is expected to remain in the 22-24% range.

Conclusion

Central Pacific Financial Corp. presents a compelling investment narrative rooted in its deep Hawaiian heritage, strategic agility, and disciplined financial management. The company's ability to consistently expand its net interest margin, reduce funding costs, and maintain robust asset quality in a dynamic interest rate environment speaks volumes about its operational effectiveness. While the Hawaiian market presents unique characteristics, CPF leverages its strong local brand and community ties to foster enduring customer relationships, differentiating itself from larger competitors.

The strategic investments in technology, targeted loan and deposit growth initiatives, and prudent capital deployment, including consistent dividends and opportunistic share repurchases, underscore a management team focused on long-term value creation. Despite isolated credit events and the inherent risks of a concentrated geographic market, CPF's strong capital and liquidity buffers, coupled with a proactive risk management framework, position it to absorb potential shocks. As the Hawaiian economy continues its resilient growth path and anticipated Fed rate cuts provide further tailwinds, CPF is well-equipped to capitalize on opportunities, drive positive operating leverage, and deliver sustained returns for discerning investors.